W. Strategy 2: 圍魏救趙
Besiege Wei to Save Zhao * part 5
西元1860年到1862年，滿清政府率軍包圍了太平天國的首都天京，就是今天的南京。
From 1860 to 1862, the Qing government led its army to besiege the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's capital, Tianjing (present-day Nanjing).
這時候太平天國因為內鬨過。軍事實力越來越差，大不如前。
At this time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was plagued by internal strife, and its military strength was declining.
為了解天京之包圍，太平天國的天王洪秀全，召集手下商量對策。
To break the siege of Tianjing, the Taiping Heavenly King, Hong Xiuquan, summoned his men to discuss countermeasures.
這時忠王李秀成說：「清軍有數十萬人馬，我們不能硬拼。打不過，會死傷慘重。
At this point, Li Xiucheng, the Loyal Prince, suggested, "The Qing army has hundreds of thousands of troops. We cannot engage them head-on. We will suffer heavy casualties if we are defeated.
請天王讓我帶兩萬人馬突圍。偷襲清軍的物質及屯糧之地-杭州。
Please allow me to lead 20,000 troops to break out. We will attack Hangzhou, where the Qing army holds supplies and food reserves.
吸引清軍分兵。然後我再裡應外合，夾擊清軍。一定可以解除這次清軍對天京的包圍。」
This will draw the Qing army apart. Then, we will attack them from both inside and outside. This will definitely lift the Qing siege of Tianjing."
這一條計策，得到了贊同。
This strategy was well-received.
因此李秀成跟石達開，分別率領部隊，尋找清軍包圍網鬆懈的地方，突圍出去。
So, Li Xiucheng and Shi Dakai each led their troops to seek out weak spots in the Qing encirclement and break out.
清軍認為只是小部隊，沒有理睬，也沒有追擊。
The Qing army, believing it was a small force, ignored them and did not pursue them.
李秀成跟石達開突圍之後，撲向杭州並猛烈攻擊！
After breaking out, Li Xiucheng and Shi Dakai stormed Hangzhou and launched a fierce attack!
清軍一時緊張，分兵回救杭州。
The Qing army panicked and dispatched troops to rescue Hangzhou.
洪秀全看到清軍分兵救援，下令全線出擊。
Seeing the Qing army's divided rescue efforts, Hong Xiuquan ordered an all-out attack.
出去的李秀成跟石達開，已經分散了清軍的士兵。
Li Xiucheng and Shi Dakai, who had already dispersed the Qing troops,
所以李秀成跟石達開也迅速地回過神來，回軍。
quickly recovered and returned.
繞過救援杭州的清軍。
They bypassed the Qing troops trying to rescue Hangzhou
趕回天京，與洪秀全內外夾擊，擊敗包圍天京的清軍。
and rushed back to Tianjing. Together with Hong Xiuquan, they attacked from both inside and outside, defeating the Qing army surrounding Tianjing
使得清軍大敗！
and inflicting a crushing defeat on the Qing army.
這一次清軍大敗之後，短時間沒有能量攻擊太平天國。
Following this crushing defeat, the Qing army had no immediate energy to attack the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
這就是一種『圍魏救趙』的策略應用。
This was an application of the "Besiege Wei to Save Zhao" strategy.
在這一次的案例裡面：
In this case,
杭州就是清軍必定要救之處，
Hangzhou was a location the Qing army had to rescue.
圍魏救趙的重點就是「攻敵之所必救」。
The key to "Besiege Wei to Save Zhao" was to "attack the enemy where they must rescue."
西元1860年到1862年，滿清政府率軍包圍了太平天國的首都天京，就是今天的南京。這時候太平天國因為內鬨過。軍事實力越來越差，大不如前。
為了解天京之包圍，太平天國的天王洪秀全，召集手下商量對策。這時忠王李秀成說：「清軍有數十萬人馬，我們不能硬拼。打不過，會死傷慘重。請天王讓我帶兩萬人馬突圍。偷襲清軍的物質及屯糧之地-杭州。吸引清軍分兵。然後我再裡應外合，夾擊清軍。一定可以解除這次清軍對天京的包圍。」這一條計策，得到了贊同。
因此李秀成跟石達開，分別率領部隊，尋找清軍包圍網鬆懈的地方，突圍出去。清軍認為只是小部隊，沒有理睬，也沒有追擊。李秀成跟石達開突圍之後，撲向杭州並猛烈攻擊！清軍一時緊張，分兵回救杭州。
洪秀全看到清軍分兵救援，下令全線出擊。出去的李秀成跟石達開，已經分散了清軍的士兵。所以李秀成跟石達開也迅速地回過神來，回軍。繞過救援杭州的清軍。趕回天京，與洪秀全內外夾擊，擊敗包圍天京的清軍。使得清軍大敗！這一次清軍大敗之後，短時間沒有能量攻擊太平天國。這就是一種『圍魏救趙』的策略應用。在這一次的案例裡面：杭州就是清軍必定要救之處，圍魏救趙的重點就是「攻敵之所必救」。
( ) 1.根據本文所述，為甚麼太平天國。軍事實力越來越差，大不如前？
(A) 因為缺兵力 (B) 因為內鬨過 (C) 因為沒糧食 (D) 因為物資少
( ) 2.根據本文所述，為甚麼李秀成跟石達開能夠突圍成功？
(A) 洪秀全指揮得當 (B) 李秀成的部隊糧食充沛
(C) 石達開有萬夫莫敵之勇 (D) 找到包圍網鬆懈的地方
( ) 3.根據本文所述，怎麼形容李秀成跟石達開的行軍路線？
(A) 佯攻->轉向->回擊->突圍 (B) 突圍->轉向->回擊->佯攻
(C) 突圍->佯攻->轉向->回擊 (D) 佯攻->轉向->突圍->回擊
( ) 4.根據本文所述，包圍天京的清軍為甚麼戰力減弱？
(A) 部分兵力移到別的地方 (B) 主帥被殺
(C) 糧食被燒光而害怕斷糧 (D) 物資短缺
( ) 5.根據本文所述，甚麼任務最適合交給李秀成完成？
(A) 用次級貨騙人換得更好的 (B) 用金錢利益誘惑他人
(C) 假意投降而後反擊 (D) 啪啪路人肩膀後去偷他袋子裡的東西
From 1860 to 1862, the Qing government led its army to besiege the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's capital, Tianjing (present-day Nanjing). At this time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was plagued by internal strife, and its military strength was declining.
To break the siege of Tianjing, the Taiping Heavenly King, Hong Xiuquan, summoned his men to discuss countermeasures. At this point, Li Xiucheng, the Loyal Prince, suggested, "The Qing army has hundreds of thousands of troops. We cannot engage them head-on. We will suffer heavy casualties if we are defeated. Please allow me to lead 20,000 troops to break out. We will attack Hangzhou, where the Qing army holds supplies and food reserves. This will draw the Qing army apart. Then, we will attack them from both inside and outside. This will definitely lift the Qing siege of Tianjing." This strategy was well-received.
So, Li Xiucheng and Shi Dakai each led their troops to seek out weak spots in the Qing encirclement and break out. The Qing army, believing it was a small force, ignored them and did not pursue them. After breaking out, Li Xiucheng and Shi Dakai stormed Hangzhou and launched a fierce attack! The Qing army panicked and dispatched troops to rescue Hangzhou.
Seeing the Qing army's divided rescue efforts, Hong Xiuquan ordered an all-out attack. Li Xiucheng and Shi Dakai, who had already dispersed the Qing troops, quickly recovered and returned. They bypassed the Qing troops trying to rescue Hangzhou and rushed back to Tianjing. Together with Hong Xiuquan, they attacked from both inside and outside, defeating the Qing army surrounding Tianjing and inflicting a crushing defeat on the Qing army. Following this crushing defeat, the Qing army had no immediate energy to attack the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
This was an application of the "Besiege Wei to Save Zhao" strategy. In this case, Hangzhou was a location the Qing army had to rescue. The key to "Besiege Wei to Save Zhao" was to "attack the enemy where they must rescue."
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