孫子兵法 The Art of War
始計 Laying Plans
作戰 Waging War
謀攻 Attack by Stratagem
軍形 Tactical Dispositions
兵勢 Energy
虛實 Weak and Strong
軍爭 Maneuvering
行軍 The Army going on the
地形 Terrain
九地 The Nine Situations
火攻 The Attack by Fire
用間 The Use of Spies
始計 Laying Plans
1-1始計 Laying Plans:
1-1-1孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，
Sunzi said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State.
1-1-2死生之地，存亡之道，
It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin.
1-1-3不可不察也。
Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can not be neglected.
1-2始計 Laying Plans:
1-2-1故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情，
The art of war, then, is governed by five factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are:
1-2-2 一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。
The Moral Law;
Or even more, the law of physics.
Or even more, the law of biological.
Heaven;
Earth;
The Commander;
Method and discipline.
1-3始計 Laying Plans:
1-3-1道者，令民與上同意也，可與之死，可與之生，而不畏危。
The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, do not fear any danger.
1-3-2天者，陰陽，寒暑，時制也。
Heaven show night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.
Heaven show dark and light,winter and summer,how you measure time.
Heaven show negtive and positive,low mood and high mood, schedule nowadays.
1-3-3地者，遠近，險易，廣狹，死生也。
Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death.
1-3-4將者，智，信，仁，勇，嚴也。
The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and strictness.
1-3-5法者，曲制，官道，主用也。
By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.
1-3-6凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知者不勝。
These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.
1-4 始計 Laying Plans:
1-4-1故校之以計，而索其情。
Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this factor / emotion:
1-4-2曰：主孰有道，
Which of the two sovereigns is good with the Moral law?
1-4-3將孰有能，
Which of the two generals has most ability?
1-4-4天地孰得，
With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth?
1-4-5法令孰行，
On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced?
1-4-6兵眾孰強，
Which army is stronger?
1-4-7士卒孰練，
On which side are officers and men more well trained?
1-4-8賞罰孰明。
In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?
1-4-9吾以此知勝負矣。
By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.
1-4-10將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。
The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat - let such a one be dismissed!
1-5 始計 Laying Plans:
1-5-1計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外；
While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules.
1-5-2勢者，因利而制權也。
According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans.
1-6 始計 Laying Plans:
1-6-1兵者，詭道也。
All warfare is based on deception.
1-6-2故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，
Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive;
1-6-3近而示之遠，遠而示之近。
when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away;
when we are far away, we must make the enemy believe we are near.
1-6-4利而誘之，
Hold out baits to entice the enemy.
1-6-5亂而取之，
Feign disorder, and crush him.
1-6-6實而備之，
If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him.
1-6-7強而避之，
If he is in superior strength, evade him.
1-6-8怒而撓之，
If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him.
1-6-9卑而驕之，
Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.
1-6-10佚而勞之，
If he is taking his ease, give him no rest.
1-6-11親而離之。
If his forces are united, separate them.
Or like the enemy group have close relationship, separate them.
Or like the enemy group have ecnomic tie, separate them.
1-6-12攻其無備，出其不意，
Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where the enemy are not expected.
1-6-13此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。
These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.
1-7 始計 Laying Plans:
1-7-1夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也；
Now the general who wins a battle must be who makes many calculations in his temple (base) because the battle is fought in his / her mind many times. Or makes many calculations in the computers.
1-7-2未戰而廟算不勝者，得算少也；
The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand.
1-7-3多算勝，少算不勝，
Thus, do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations lead to defeat:
1-7-4而況於無算乎？
the general who have no calculation are hopelessness at all ?
1-7-5吾以此觀之，勝負見矣。
It is by observation who put how much attention to where. This point out that can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
