始計 Laying Plans 孫子兵法 The Art of War

1-1-1  始計 Laying Plans:

孫子曰：兵者，國之大事， 

Sunzi said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State.

1-1-2  始計 Laying Plans:

死生之地，存亡之道， 

It is a matter of life and death, a road either to still exist or to gone vanish.

*補* 安全或滅亡 A road either to safety or to ruin.

*補* 存續或結束 A road either to keep or to over.

1-1-3  始計 Laying Plans:

不可不察也。

Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can not be neglected.

*補* 需要用盡全部心力去觀察  Must observe with your all heart.

1-2-1  始計 Laying Plans:

故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情， 

The art of war, then, is governed by five factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are:

1-2-2   始計 Laying Plans:

一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。

一曰道，道德、物理、生物學、天空、天理、原則、、、、

The Moral Law; 

Or even more, the law of physics.

Or even more, the law of biological.

天，天堂、理想、天空  

Heaven or Ideal world or Sky

地，地面、土地

Earth or Land

將，將領、領導力

The Commander or leadership.

法，方法、法律、紀律、、、

Method or law or discipline.

1-3-1  始計 Laying Plans:

道者，令民與上同意也，可與之死，可與之生，而不畏危。

The Moral Law or Ideal world causes the people to be in complete follow with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, do not fear any danger. 

1-3-2  始計 Laying Plans:

天者，陰陽，寒暑，時制也。

Heaven show night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons. 

*補*  黑暗與光明、冬天與夏天、時間的量測。

Heaven show dark and light,winter and summer,how you measure time.

*補*  負面與正面、心情高潮與低潮、對時下局面的判斷。

Heaven show negtive and positive,low mood and high mood, schedule nowadays.

1-3-3  始計 Laying Plans:

地者，遠近，險易，廣狹，死生也。

Earth comprises distances, danger and easy; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death. 

*補*  偉大與渺小，安全與不安全

great and small, security and insecurity

1-3-4  始計 Laying Plans:

將者，智，信，仁，勇，嚴也。

The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and strictness.

1-3-5  始計 Laying Plans:

法者，曲制，官道，主用也。

By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.

1-3-6  始計 Laying Plans:

凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知者不勝。

These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.

1-4-1  始計 Laying Plans:

故校之以計，而索其情。

Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this factor / emotion:

1-4-2  始計 Laying Plans:

曰：主孰有道， 

Which of the two sovereigns is good with the Moral law? 

1-4-3  始計 Laying Plans:

將孰有能， 

Which of the two generals has most ability?

1-4-4  始計 Laying Plans:

天地孰得， 

With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? 

1-4-5  始計 Laying Plans:

法令孰行， 

On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? 

1-4-6  始計 Laying Plans:

兵眾孰強， 

Which army is stronger? 

1-4-7  始計 Laying Plans:

士卒孰練， 

On which side are officers and men more well trained?

1-4-8  始計 Laying Plans:

賞罰孰明。

In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?

1-4-9  始計 Laying Plans:

吾以此知勝負矣。

By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.

1-4-10  始計 Laying Plans:

將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。

The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat - let such a one be dismissed!

1-5-1  始計 Laying Plans:

計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外； 

While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules. 

1-5-2  始計 Laying Plans:

勢者，因利而制權也。

According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans.

1-6-1  始計 Laying Plans:

兵者，詭道也。

All warfare is based on deception.

1-6-2  始計 Laying Plans:

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，

Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive;

1-6-3  始計 Laying Plans:

近而示之遠，遠而示之近。

when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away;

when we are far away, we must make the enemy believe we are near.

1-6-4  始計 Laying Plans:

利而誘之， 

Hold out baits to entice the enemy.

1-6-5  始計 Laying Plans:

亂而取之，

Feign disorder, and crush him.

1-6-6  始計 Laying Plans:

實而備之，

If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him.

1-6-7  始計 Laying Plans:強而避之，

If he is in superior strength, evade him.

1-6-8  始計 Laying Plans:怒而撓之，

If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him.

1-6-9  始計 Laying Plans:卑而驕之，

Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.

1-6-10  始計 Laying Plans:

佚而勞之，

If he is taking his ease, give him no rest.

1-6-11  始計 Laying Plans:

親而離之。

If his forces are united, separate them. 

Or like the enemy group have close relationship, separate them.

Or like the enemy group have ecnomic tie, separate them.

1-6-12  始計 Laying Plans:

攻其無備，出其不意， 

Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where the enemy are not expected.

1-6-13  始計 Laying Plans:

此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。

These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.

1-7-1  始計 Laying Plans:

夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也；

Now the general who wins a battle must be who makes many calculations in his temple (base) because the battle is fought in his / her mind many times. Or makes many calculations in the computers.

1-7-2  始計 Laying Plans:

未戰而廟算不勝者，得算少也；

The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand.

1-7-3  始計 Laying Plans:

多算勝，少算不勝，

Thus, do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations lead to defeat: 

1-7-4  始計 Laying Plans:

而況於無算乎？

the general who have no calculation are hopelessness at all ?

1-7-5  始計 Laying Plans:

吾以此觀之，勝負見矣。

It is by observation who put how much attention to where. This point out that can foresee who is likely to win or lose.